Much of accessible design is governed by federal standards that apply to public spaces, but the principles are easily adaptable to residential bathrooms. For a house, accessible design means allowing ample space for wheelchair entry and turning radius within the bathroom, scaling sink and countertops to the appropriate height and depth to accommodate a wheelchair, and installing roll-in toilet and bathing facilities, among the many considerations.

An accessible design bathroom offers a wheelchair space that is, at minimum, 24 inches deep by 36 inches wide; a 5-by-5-foot clear space is considered optimum. The doorway measures 32 inches wide or larger. Lighting and fan switches and other electrical outlets are installed no higher than 48 inches from the floor and outlets no lower than 18 inches from the floor. Sinks are set 32 inches high and offer generous under-counter legroom. Any under-counter pipes are insulated to prevent scalding. An accessible design bathroom includes a specialty toilet, with extended flush handles, that sits higher than normal, with lavatory rims resting no higher than 34 inches above the finish floor.

Shower and/or bath facilities can be the most problematic for the handicapped. Many new products on the market have made dramatic improvements in this area. Roll-in showers with low or no thresholds are equipped with an array of safety features that include low-set hand-held showerheads, anti-scald devices, non-slip grab bars, and waterproof seats. A new generation of door-entry, enclosed bathtubs have built-in seats and even hydraulic lifts to transfer an invalid from wheelchair to tub. There are also soft-sided tubs that ease entry and exit from the tub. The ADA Accessibility Guidelines are available in print by calling (800) 514-0301 or online at www.ada.gov.