Kitchen countertops are made from materials that are durable and, in most cases, easy to maintain. If you're looking to buy a new countertop, the material you choose will depend on your budget and the appearance and serviceable qualities you want. From least expensive to most:

Laminates are durable and made in hundreds of colors and patterns. They can be scorched by hot utensils, and they're not suitable as cutting surfaces as they will show scratches. Laminate countertops are made from a thin surface of high-pressure laminate that is applied to a base of particleboard or plywood.

Ceramic tile is available in a vast array of colors and patterns and is extremely durable, easy to clean, and scorch-proof. Tiles are applied with mastic or—better—with mortar to a plywood or tile backerboard base.

Solid surfacing, a relatively newer countertop material, is quite durable and offers seamless, easy-care surfaces that often imitate the look of natural stone such as marble, granite, or slate. Though these materials can be machined with standard woodworking tools, installation requires a professional.

Woods such as maple, oak, and other hardwoods, applied in butcherblock fashion, make handsome and durable countertops. Wood requires a finish to maintain its original patina. It can warp, scorch, and allow bacterial growth.

Natural stone such as granite and marble are considered to be the height of elegance and will last longer than most kitchens. Stone, however, is very expensive and requires some care: Grease will stain granite, and acidic substances such as orange juice will etch the finished surface of marble.

Standard kitchen counters are 24 inches deep and 36 inches from the floor. (Bath counters are often shorter—30 inches high—and less deep, about 18 inches). Some have backsplashes—short vertical sections along the back that protect the wall.

Most countertops combine a base of plywood or particleboard that spans across the top of a cabinet and the finish surface material. Of course, they also include any mastic, glue, mortar, or grout needed to adhere the surface to the base and keep it impervious to water and stains.

Edge treatments for countertops vary depending on the materials they're made from. The square edge is the most common, particularly with laminates, wood, and tile. Bullnose is a safe, practical edge that makes a countertop look substantial. Ogee is more decorative but is possible only with certain materials. A more decorative appearance can be achieved by a detail of wood, metal, or a different color sometimes sandwiched between layers of laminate, solid surfacing, or stone.