Natural stone is the benchmark for high-quality countertops because of its durability and beauty. Stone countertops, including granite, marble, soapstone, slate, lava stone, and travertine, come in a range of colors and patterns found in materials sourced from all over the world.

Natural stone is sold in slabs for counters and 4-inch strips for backsplashes. It is heat-proof and waterproof, and the denser the stone, the more stain and scratch-resistant it is. (For more information, see Limestone, Soapstone, Lava Stone & Slate Countertops and Granite, Marble & Travertine Countertops.)

Engineered stone, made almost wholly from quartz crystals (and often referred to simply as quartz), has the advantages of natural stone. For example, quartz does not need sealing, polishing, or reconditioning, and it is stain- and heat-resistant. It is so hard that only a diamond or other quartz crystals can scratch it. It is also so strong that it can span 36 inches or overhang 12 inches without support. And because it is made up of many tiny crystals, its surface is reflective, adding an elegant touch to any application.

Available in a wide range of colors, from neutrals to brights, quartz works well with a number of different materials, including glass, metal, and wood. However, its price usually limits it to high-use, high-end installations such as cook’s kitchens and master baths.

Quartz is manufactured in sheets that measure 52 by 118 inches—large enough for a generously sized L-shaped counter. Countertops are cut to exact specifications and often come with pieces for a backsplash. If your installation requires more than one sheet, plan to put the seam in an inconspicuous area because it will show.

A lesser known type of engineered stone is synthetic slate, a fiber cement–based product. Like quartz, it is harder and stronger than natural stone, is heat-resistant, and can be repaired. However, it absorbs moisture and therefore requires regular sealing. It also comes in a limited range of colors.