A central vacuum system consists of four main components: a power unit, inlet valves, PVC piping, and a lightweight hose and cleaning wand. The power unit is installed outside the living area, most often in a garage, basement, or utility room.

The power unit is installed outside the living area, most often in a garage, basement, or utility room. Inlet valves are strategically located throughout the home in wall-mounted receptacles. A hose attached to the cleaning wand plugs into the receptacles, activating the power unit. Pipes, which run through the walls and floors, carry dirt to a collection bin mounted in the power unit. (For more about how a central vacuum system works, see How a Central Vacuum System Works. For information on choosing the right central vacuum for your home, see Central Vacuum System Buying Guide.)

Though built-in systems are easiest to install in new construction, they can be retrofitted into most existing houses with relative ease. Just how easily depends on your house, or, more specifically, on access to a basement, crawlspace, or attic for routing the piping. If access is good and you are handy with tools, you may be able to handle installation yourself.