All operable windows come equipped with hardware, the mechanisms used for opening and closing the sash, the latches, and so forth. Here is a closer look at the key types of hardware.

Window cranks
Casement, awning, and hopper windows utilize cranks for opening and closing. (Older types used push-bar operators.) Some manufacturers offer cranks in nonmetallic finishes (notably white), and some new types have fold-down handles that are relatively inconspicuous.

Window latches and locks
Latches are used to hold the window tightly closed. Two are recommended on tall or wide hinged windows. On double-hung windows, sash locks pull together the upper and lower sash. Keyed sash locks can improve security. On sliders, look for security locks so the operable sashes cannot be jimmied open.

Window hinges
The best casement, awning, and hopper hinges pivot to allow arm space between the sash and the window frame so washing exterior glass is an easy job. You can even find special European hardware that turns a casement window into a hopper window.

Because the hardware locks tightly in several places around the frame, the windows have very low air infiltration. But, unlike American casement windows, the European-style window mechanism swings into the room. This feature can interfere with draperies.

Window counterbalances
On double-hung windows, the sash is counterbalanced on the sides by weights or mechanisms such as torsion screws.

Sliding window mechanisms
The sashes of most aluminum and vinyl windows are lightweight enough to slide in the sill tracks. But large, door-height sashes must be supported by heavy-duty rollers on their bottom edges.

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