Stucco is plaster with a cement base that is typically applied in three layers over framed and solid walls. Pigment may be mixed in, or stucco can be painted. It can be finished with a variety of textures: smooth, raked, or swirled. For an extra-coarse finish, sand--or even pebbles--can be mixed in.

Different kinds of cement are used in the stucco mixture depending on the climate and texture desired. It can be applied over some existing surfaces, such as concrete block or reapplied over older stucco.

Stucco is usually applied over a base of wire mesh, building paper, and plywood sheathing. The stucco may be troweled on by hand or sprayed on.

Before applying the second and third coats, you must wait a day or two for the previous layer to dry.

After applying the final layer, keep the stucco moist for a few days so it can cure nicely (allowing it to dry too quickly reduces its strength).

Stucco is porous, and moisture passes directly through. In warmer and drier climates, painting doesn't affect this process as much as it does in colder climates. Check what local contractors advise before you paint your stucco wall. If paint is an option, choose a 100 percent acrylic latex paint specially formulated for stucco surfaces.