Granite
Granite is a time-tested material, having been around for approximately 300 million years. Few surfaces will match granite for its hardness and durability. It is also resistant to burns, scorching, and stains, although some varieties can soak in liquids if exposed to them for an extended period of time. Also, abrasive cleaners or those containing harsh chemicals should be avoided, as their repeated use will cause the surface to dull. A sealer should be applied after installation and reapplied every one to three years.

Granite comes with numerous variations in color, pattern, and tone—qualities referred to as the stone’s “movement.” Varieties that have a fairly uniform specked pattern are considered “consistent,” while “variegated” types have more disparate veins and swirls that give each slab a unique appearance.

It is important to note that no two samples of granite will have the exact same appearance. To get the best idea of what your countertop will look like, it is helpful to see the slab from which your countertop will be cut, not just a showroom sample.

Most granite countertops come with a high-gloss polish, but other finishes are available, offering a range of sheens and textures.

Marble
The rich tones and dramatic veining of marble make it an elegant, sought-after choice for kitchen and bathroom countertops. Colors can include creamy whites, pinks, and beiges; mellow golds and oranges; and luxurious dark greens and blacks.

While marble is generally quite durable, it is, however, softer than granite and, therefore, will scratch more easily. Although it is fairly heat-resistant, intense heat can permanently discolor a marble surface. It is also highly reactive to acidic foods, such as lemon and vinegar, which will destroy the polish, leaving dull spots. Marble countertops have to be sealed quite often to protect their surface from wear and tear.

However, you may desire the changing nature of marble throughout time; the eventual stains and evolving patina of the natural material may provide just the lived-in character you want. You may especially love marble if you bake a lot; marble is considered by the pros to be the perfect surface for rolling out pastry dough. If choosing marble for your kitchen, it is generally best to request a honed finish, a slightly matte finish that will resist the etching and scratching that afflict a high-gloss polish subjected to heavy use.

Travertine
Travertine lends a room a classic, old-world appearance. The stone comes in earth tones ranging from ivory to brown and is known for its textured, slightly pitted surface.

These pits, while offering character, can absorb liquids and trap food particles, eventually staining the countertop. Travertine’s softness also means it is more prone to etching and other abrasion. Finally, acidic substances can stain the surface quite easily. To protect the stone from scratches, dirt, and stains, travertine can be honed to a slightly matte finish, its naturally occurring pits can be filled in with grout or resin, and the surface can be sealed.

While this is a high-maintenance countertop, particularly for a kitchen application, you may feel the aesthetic benefits of travertine outweigh the cons.

See More about Other Countertop Materials